How Common is Premature PAD?

Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD) is a prevalent circulatory problem affecting millions of people worldwide. It occurs when the arteries that supply blood to the limbs, most commonly the legs, become narrowed or blocked due to a buildup of fatty deposits called plaque [2]. This condition can cause various symptoms, such as pain or cramping in the legs while walking, known as intermittent claudication. PAD can also lead to severe complications if left untreated, including critical limb ischemia and an increased risk of heart attack or stroke.

While PAD is typically associated with older adults, there is a growing concern about the rise of premature PAD, which affects individuals at a younger age. This blog post aims to explore the prevalence of premature PAD, the risk factors involved, and the importance of early diagnosis and intervention to prevent life-threatening complications.

Prevalence of Premature Peripheral Artery Disease

Although PAD is more common in older individuals, recent studies have shown an increase in the prevalence of premature PAD, affecting people under the age of 50 [4]. This rise in premature PAD can be attributed to various factors, including changes in lifestyle, an increase in the prevalence of obesity, and a lack of awareness about the condition.

Premature PAD is often underrecognized and undertreated, leading to a greater risk of complications and a higher likelihood of disability in young adults [4]. By increasing awareness about premature PAD, early diagnosis and treatment can help prevent the long-term consequences of this condition and improve the quality of life for affected individuals.

Risk Factors for Premature PAD

There are several common risk factors for PAD, including smoking, diabetes, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and a family history of vascular disease [2]. However, premature PAD may have additional risk factors that set it apart from traditional PAD. A study found that elevated levels of certain clotting factors, lipoprotein (a), and homocysteine were associated with a higher risk of premature PAD in non-diabetic patients [1].

Genetics, lifestyle, and environmental factors also play a role in the development of premature PAD [3]. By understanding and addressing these unique risk factors, it is possible to identify and manage premature PAD more effectively.

Diagnosis and Treatment of Premature PAD

Diagnosing premature PAD can be challenging, as the condition is often overlooked in younger patients [3]. However, early diagnosis is critical for preventing complications and improving long-term outcomes. Diagnostic tests for PAD include the ankle-brachial index, ultrasound, angiography, and magnetic resonance angiography [2].

Treatment options for PAD depend on the severity of the condition and may include lifestyle changes, medications, and, in more severe cases, surgical interventions [2]. Early intervention and prevention strategies, such as smoking cessation, exercise, and managing diabetes, blood pressure, and cholesterol, are essential for managing PAD and reducing the risk of complications [4].

Ready to Take the Next Step?

Premature PAD is a growing concern, with a rising prevalence among young adults. By increasing awareness, understanding the unique risk factors, and emphasizing the importance of early diagnosis and intervention, we can help prevent the life-threatening complications associated with this condition. Remember, if you suspect you or a loved one may be experiencing symptoms of PAD or want to learn more about the available treatment options, don't hesitate to schedule an appointment at Indiana Vascular. Our dedicated team of specialists is here to provide personalized care, guide you through the diagnostic process, and explore the most effective treatment strategies for your specific needs. Early detection and intervention are key in managing PAD and preventing life-threatening complications. Let Indiana Vascular be your trusted partner on the path to better vascular health. Act now and prioritize your well-being – we're here to support you every step of the way.

Sources

1. Bérard, A. M., Bedel, A., Le Trequesser, R., Freyburger, G., Nurden, A., Colomer, S., Guérin, V., Vergnes, M.-C., Becker, F., Camelot, G., Bressolette, L., Lacroix, P., Cambou, J.-P., Bura-Rivière, A., Emmerich, J., Darmon, M., Deletraz, A.-M., Mesli, S., Colombies, B., & Vanbrugghe, V. (2013). Novel Risk Factors for Premature Peripheral Arterial Occlusive Disease in Non-Diabetic Patients: A Case-Control Study. PLoS ONE, 8(3), e37882. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0037882

2. Cleveland Clinic. (n.d.). Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD). https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17357-peripheral-artery-disease-pad

3. Doraiswamy, V. A., Giri, J., & Mohler, E., 3rd (2009). Premature peripheral arterial disease - difficult diagnosis in very early presentation. The International journal of angiology : official publication of the International College of Angiology, Inc, 18(1), 45–47. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0031-1278323

4. Mehta, A., Dhindsa, D. S., Hooda, A., Nayak, A., Massad, C. S., Rao, B., Makue, L. F., Rajani, R. R., Alabi, O., Quyyumi, A. A., Escobar, G. A., Wells, B. J., & Sperling, L. S. (2021b). Premature atherosclerotic peripheral artery disease: An underrecognized and undertreated disorder with a rising global prevalence. Trends in Cardiovascular Medicine, 31(6), 351–358. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tcm.2020.06.005